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A Strange Discovery by Charles Romyn Dake

C >> Charles Romyn Dake >> A Strange Discovery

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"'Fear not,' he said; 'no harm will befall you. If the benign Fate is to
smile--well; if the Furies are to rage, we can but bow to the Will that
has held in its hand for countless cycles this petty planet--a grain in
the wastes of Eternity. Come!'

"He passed through the doorway, and the two followed him. The room they
entered was spacious--almost thirty feet square. It was crowded with
strange devices, and was lighted by six colored swinging globes. A
strange odor filled the atmosphere of the apartment. The room was
brilliantly enough illuminated, though the light was variously colored
and its shades and blendings were confusing; whilst the strange,
intoxicating perfume also helped to perplex the senses. If the apartment
had contained not more than several objects, the visitors might soon
have detected and observed all of them; but, as it was, Pym and Peters
stood gazing confusedly about them, momentarily beholding fresh objects,
all of them strange, many of them bizarre, some of them frightful. It
was apparently at the same instant of time that the sight of Pym and
Peters fell upon an object so awesome that their hearts almost ceased to
beat, and then bounded on with throbs that sent the cold blood leaping
down their spines and to their scalps in chilling waves that ceased only
when their terror reached the numbing stage. There before them, not six
feet away, among great cubes of crystal, and vast retorts, and enormous
vase-like objects on the floor, stood an aged man. How aged? He was old
when the antarctic barbarians were slain, and their remnant sent back to
its home on those dreary islands to live forever in blackness. None knew
how old he was--they, the rulers, knew not; or if they did, on that
subject they were silent. Some said that on the ship which brought the
nucleus of their race from Rome, came Masusaelili with the others--an
aged man, the oldest on the vessel. There he stood before the visitors,
his white beard trailing on the tiling at his feet, his shrunken form
erect. But, whence the terror? Three times ere I could learn this fact
(and even then I learned it more by inference than by words) did Peters
sink into delirium, muttering, 'Oh, those eyes--the eyes of a god--of a
god of gods.' The aged man seated himself at a small Roman table, and,
turning to the Duke without a question, said in a voice unlike any other
voice in all the world--steady, but thin, high-pitched, sharp,
penetrating and agitating depths within the hearer never reached before,

"'You come for knowledge of The Lily. Behold!'

"He pointed to a cube of crystal near him, which, Peters will swear, was
a moment earlier perfectly transparent. But now it looked as if filled
with milk of purest whiteness. As they gazed at it, a fire appeared in
the centre; and soon around the fire there sprang into being a circular
range of mountains, and on the side of one of these--the nearest--stood
two persons.

"'Lilama--Ahpilus,' screamed Diregus; 'he has stolen her away!'

"Yes: for though Pym and Peters had never seen the exiled lover, they
recognized Lilama; and even they could surmise the rest.

"'The youth is mad,' said the Duke. 'We must rescue our darling from the
maniac.'

"Pym, in his impatience, was about to rush from the room; but the old
man beckoned for him to approach. He did as desired. Then the aged man
placed a hand upon Pym's head, and drew it down to him; and the man who
had lived thousands of years whispered some words into the ear of the
youth who had lived not yet four lustrums. As Peters described for me in
his homely way the change that came over the face of Pym as that human
millenarian spoke perhaps one hundred words into the young man's ear, I
was reminded of reading as a boy, some years ago, a description of the
burning somewhere in South America of a great cathedral. The fire
occurred during a morning service, and with the alarm the doorways of
the building were at once obstructed by a mass of struggling humanity.
Some two or three thousand persons were consumed in this terrible
holocaust. The correspondent who wrote the description of the fire of
which I speak said that for ten minutes he stood outside the cathedral
after the surrounding heat had become so intense that efforts at rescue
ceased, and from a raised spot he looked through the windows from which
the glass had crumbled--looked across the great window-sills raised
eight feet from the cathedral floor, looked into the faces of the
doomed. And as he gazed, he saw the faces of many maidens with their
lovers by their side--(it was a gala day, and all were in their best
attire). As he looked, within a brief ten minutes he saw horror-stricken
eyes gaze at the approaching fire, and at other victims sixty feet away
already burning; then quickly would the fire approach the owner of those
eyes, reach him, consume him: And in those fleeting moments the face of
a young girl would pass through every stage from youth to extreme age,
and then sink down in death. As the aged mystic whispered to Pym, the
young man's face turned ghastly, then worked convulsively, then settled
into firm resolve. And Peters never again saw on the face of the youth
whom he loved with the love of a mother and of a father in one--never
again saw the old, careless, boyish smile. Did the old man--shall we
call him a man?--did the old man whisper into Pym's ear the secret of
eternity? Would such a revelation have changed youth to manhood in a
hundred seconds?

"As Pym was led by Diregus from the room, Peters started to follow; but
the aged mystic motioned for him, too, to approach. Peters says that
after what he had just seen he felt much more like taking to flight than
he did like obeying the summons; but he obeyed it. The old man pointed
to one of the smaller crystal cubes, which would have measured some five
feet across. As Peters gazed upon it, it began to take on the milky hue
which he had before witnessed. Peters says that at first he thought
these cubes were of solid crystal, but after he witnessed the strange
alterations of which they were capable, he believed they were hollow. He
continued to gaze as directed, and soon he saw, sitting at a table, with
a lighted candle by her side, knitting, his poor old mother, from whose
side he had, fifteen years before, when a thoughtless, wicked boy, ran
away to sea. He had never seen her again--he has not seen her again to
the present day. As he gazed upon that aged, wrinkled face--that hard,
Indian face (his mother was a civilized Indian), he saw that look which
man sees nowhere else on sea or land save only in a mother's face. He
threw himself face-downward on the floor, and wrung in agony his hands,
and moaned out pleas for forgiveness; but the poor, old, fragile form
knitted on, and on, and the face was never raised. Alas! why must we all
feel the full force of a mother's love and sacrifices only when too
late? Why must it be that the deepest of all unselfish love goes ever
unrewarded?

"Peters scarcely knows how he got from the room. He staggered out into
the grounds, and saw that the remainder of the party were already seated
in the boat.

"But I must hasten on. Let me say in a few words, that the party
returned to the ducal palace, and immediately prepared to rescue Lilama
from the power of her discarded lover, the exiled Ahpilus. The rescue
party, on the advice of the Duke, was small. He explained to Peters that
so far as mere human force was concerned, a thousand men could never
rescue the maiden. Her return to them, alive and in health, would depend
upon strategy, or possibly might be accomplished as a result of some
superhuman individual effort. He was of opinion, he remarked--and he
judged from what he had been told by government officials lately
returned from 'Crater Mountains' and also from changes in the young man
observed by himself preceding the sentence of banishment--that Ahpilus
was a maniac. The Duke went on to say that he really felt but little
hope of ever again seeing, alive, his loved young 'cousin.' Then he
explained that, whilst there were spots on 'Crater Mountains,' from five
to eight miles from the central crater, on the far side of the nearer
hills, hot enough to roast a large animal, there were other spots on the
far side of the remoter mountain ranges where, protected from crater
radiation and exposed to antarctic air-currents, the temperature was
almost always far below the freezing-point, and sometimes so cold that
no animal life, even antarctic animal life, could endure it for an hour.
He said that poor Lilama was lost, unless some other exile should save
her--which was unlikely, even if possible--or unless we could invent
some plan of capture so peculiar as to baffle the madman--a man, by the
bye, of enormous physical strength, and with a madman's cunning. Peters
stood drinking in every word spoken by the Duke; whilst Pym listened as
if heartbroken, but in an impatient, anxious way, indicative of a
restless impulse to be gone. The Duke continued to instruct and advise
them, until a large sail-boat was provisioned and manned, when the
rescue party hastened away on its errand of love and mercy.

"The party consisted of the young man Diregus, Lilama's cousin; of Pym
and Peters; and of six boatmen, who might or might not be employed
directly in the attack and rescue, as should later seem best. The party
had no weapons other than a few peculiarly-shaped clubs, similar to
those mentioned by me in describing the fight of the early Hili-lites
against the invading barbarians, and a long dirk-knife in the possession
of Peters.

"By glancing at this map of Hili-liland, you will observe that the
sea-course to 'Crater Mountains' was almost direct, it lying in a
straight line out of Hili-li Bay and across the open sea for thirty
miles. They were to enter 'Volcano Bay,' which pursued a tortuous course
amid the mountains, until they should reach a certain pass between two
of the highest mountains in the whole range. In the centre of one of
these mountains was a peak some eight miles high, named by the founders
of Hili-li 'Mount Olympus.' It was possible to sail (or to push their
boat) to within seven miles of a point where the lavabed was still red
hot--about thirteen miles from the edge of the central, white-hot,
boiling lava. This, however, they did not do; first, because the pass
mentioned, which was the best course up into the mountains, began about
three or four miles short of the inner extremity of Volcano Bay; and
second, because within a mile or two of that extremity the water of the
bay sometimes actually boiled, and the heat would there be quite
unendurable."

Here Bainbridge paused for a moment, and then continued, "Well, my
attentive friend, 'the witching hour' approaches. We lost too much time
in discussion this evening--What! only ten o'clock?" he said, looking at
his watch. "Well, I am at a good resting-place in the story, anyway, as
you will to-morrow evening admit. Why, if I started you up into those
mountains to-night, we should get no sleep before daylight. No, no:
'sufficient unto the day is the evil thereof; more I would'--how does it
go? Well, it means that the evils of two days should not be crowded into
one day. The attempted quotation--as generally happens when I attempt
quotation from the Bible--is a double failure: not a success simply in
accuracy of repetition; and, at best, not appropriate. For I have more,
and a great deal more. But"--rising from his chair--"I must depart. So
adieu until the morrow--and good-night to you."

He had not been gone five minutes, and I was just complimenting Arthur
on his silence and otherwise commendable behavior, when Doctor Castleton
bounced into the room. He knew in a general way the drift of Peters'
story, up to the developments of the evening before. His curiosity to
hear what Doctor Bainbridge had so patiently and laboriously gleaned
from Peters did not seem intense, or it was wonderfully well suppressed.
Still, he liked briefly to learn from me the outlines of the story, and
had not failed to meet me at some period of each day, and to hint at a
desire for information. Therefore, I knew with what object he had this
evening come to see me, and I ran rapidly over the facts developed the
preceding evening, and then over those of that evening.

"Yes, yes," he said, "I see, I see. Rich people, but money no good; poor
people, but poverty no hardship. That's Bainbridge's nonsense--he never
got anything out of Peters along that line. Money, but money no value!
Oh, well; Bainbridge is young and full of theories. The next thing he'll
be saying that they've found a way in Hili-li to make life as valuable
and agreeable for the lazy and the vile as for the industrious and moral
classes. He's just philosophizing to suit himself. Why, a people would
have money if they had to make it out of their own hides, and the money
would have value, too--yes, and labor-purchasing value. No people will
ever have all they want, for they will invent new wants forever, and
more rapidly than the old wants can be gratified. They may get all they
require of food and clothing, and that, too, in exchange for next to no
work; but they will always want things that they are unable to procure.
So long as people do different kinds of work--supply the community with
different necessaries--they will trade; and when they trade,
common-sense will soon invent a circulating medium. And so long as one
man is the mental or the physical superior of another, and fills more of
the demands of the community than another, he will have the means of
gratifying more of his own wants than the other man; and as differences
increase, and different temperaments develop their varying
propensities--some anticipating their ability to expend, others desiring
to accumulate for the everlasting rainy day--there will, and necessarily
must, arise stable methods of preserving values. Oh, pshaw! Who wants to
make all men--and all women, too--in a single mental and physical
mould?--and a mighty insignificant mould at that? The world is not made
better by ease and plenty, but by hardship. Ease and plenty come not but
as a reward of striving. When every man is like every other man, and all
are too lazy to want anything, the reign of money will be ended.

"Why not enroll the whole world, and have a great army in civil life,
constantly under command, with the nature of its wants and their form of
gratification fixed or regulated by--well, by a majority of these dough
men? That's the only way I know for the people to get rid of a
circulating medium, and live."

He paused for a moment, both in his locution, and in his walk back and
forward across the floor. Then he resumed both:

"I do not know of anything quite so idiotic as is this howl directed
against the possession of wealth. I myself am a poor man: if I do not
earn a living each year, I go hungry or go in debt. But I would not
trade off my chances of a competency and of wealth--a reasonable
ambition for every man in England and America--no, not to see every rich
man on earth starve--or even sent to hell. This howl is the mark of a
plebeian, or at least of a wickedly childish cast of intellect. I know
of nothing quite so foolish, and of nothing half so brutal. The
Jew-baiting folly is a phase of the same nonsense. It is foolish,
because if the possession of capital is denied to the men who can best
acquire and hence best continue to employ it, then commercial
civilization must take a back seat--in fact, go, and go to stay; and
this means abject poverty for everybody but a handful of state and
church aristocrats. It is brutal, because it is unreasoning and
mistakenly vindictive. It is the howl of the mentally weak--of the mob;
and the mob is always brutal.

"If we are to suppress those whose possessions evidence a past or a
present performance of some service that the world demanded and paid
for, we cast aside the useful of the earth: we know that their
possessions were gained, not from the pauper, but from those who held
material wealth; and I know, and can most solemnly swear, from personal
experience, that in this world nobody gets anything for nothing.

"Oh, the first French revolution! The French revolution was all right.
The fight was not against commercial wealth, but against a corrupt
church, state, and social order. And nobody maintains that the
commercial class is immaculate: every class should come under the
regulation of good statutory law. I only claim that it would be wrong
and foolish to take away in whole or in part the accumulations of the
commercial class. With us the only wealthy citizens are commercial
people, and those who have acquired wealth through them, for with us
here, at this time, the wealthy owners of realty are commercial men who
have put their surplus money into land. Oh, yes: control them; but it's
not the business men of the world who need the most looking after."

And with that he shot out of the room and down the stairs; and I soon
after retired to rest.




The FOURTEENTH Chapter


The next evening at an early hour Arthur was seated in the least
conspicuous corner of my room, a spot which he seemed to have selected
as his own; and, as usual, Doctor Bainbridge entered promptly at eight
o'clock. After the customary minute or two of thoughtful quiet, and a
glance at the map of Hili-li, which each evening I kept spread on my
table in the centre of the room, Bainbridge continued his recital:

"Last evening brought us to the moment when the rescue party, having
entered Volcano Bay, were about to land at the foot of the great
mountain, called Olympus--the Hili-li synonym for Mount preceding the
name Olympus when the peak, some eight miles high, was referred to. Now
if you will examine this map with a little care you will observe here,
near the inner extremity of Volcano Bay, an apparently narrow inlet
passing directly into the mountain-side. This does not represent an
inlet from the bay, but an outlet from Crater Lake, a very deep lake,
the surface of which is several thousand feet below its banks, the lake
being on the top of the mountain, just south of Mt. Olympus, and
emptying into Volcano Bay. This outlet is a small stream at the bottom
of a chasm which cannot correctly be represented on my map, as it is
relatively very narrow, being only from ten to one hundred feet in
width. This chasm is what we here term a canyon, or _canon_, the walls
of which in this instance rise perpendicularly from the water to the
average height of ten thousand feet. The paths up the mountain are on
the sides of this outlet--not close to the water, but winding in and out
along the mountain-side above, there being a passable way on each side
of the canyon from the bay to the lake, the distance from bay to lake
along either path being, in its tortuous course, about thirteen miles.
At Crater Lake the mountain rises to a height of about six miles, the
surface of the lake being about four miles above the sea level, its
banks some ten thousand feet in height. A perfectly straight line down
the mountain-side would measure about eight or nine miles.

"As the canyon leaves the bay, its walls are about a hundred feet high,
and are separated by about the same distance; but as the mountain is
ascended, the walls rapidly rise, and soon become far above the water
between, and they gradually approach each other. At certain points the
walls actually overhang the stream below, and almost meet, at one spot
approximating to within ten feet of each other. Three miles from the bay
the walls are twenty feet apart, and for the remaining five miles they
do not at any place approach closer, but on the other hand very
gradually separate to about sixty feet at the extreme top. At five miles
from the bay the walls are fully ten thousand feet in altitude, and are
nowhere less in height from that point to the edge of Crater Lake.

"Our party started up the mountain on one side of this canyon, or giant
chasm, Diregus appearing in some way to know that this was the proper
course to pursue. When they were some three miles on their way, a young
man was seen approaching, but on the opposite side of the chasm. He was
a young fellow of prepossessing appearance, dressed in plain, coarse
loathing, and having the elastic movement and grace of the better
classes. Peters observed, when only the width of the chasm separated the
two, that the young Hili-lite had a laughing eye, full of latent
mischief, but also of intelligence.

"He was known to Diregus, and the two began a conversation. He was one
of the exiles, by name Medosus. Diregus soon ascertained that the exiles
had long known Ahpilus to be insane; that, three days before, his
condition had become much aggravated, and that on the preceding day he
had suffered from an attack of raving mania which lasted several hours.
Medosus did not know of the abduction of Lilama, but he had three hours
earlier seen Ahpilus a mile or two from Crater Lake.

"When the party heard this, they were anxious to proceed, but Medosus in
turn had a few questions to ask, and in common courtesy Diregus was
compelled to wait and reply to the poor exile's interrogatories.

"Whilst the two conversed, Medosus took from his pocket some dry, brown,
crumpled leaves, and put a wad of them into his mouth, much as would an
American planter who raises tobacco and chews the unprepared leaf. Now
Peters was a lover of tobacco, and the sight of this action, so
suggestive of his loved weed, excited him greatly, as he had not so much
as seen a scrap of tobacco for months. When it developed that it was
tobacco that Medosus had placed in his mouth, and that in some of the
valleys between these mountains a species of wild tobacco grew, Peters
was determined to have some of it, the craving of months seeming so near
to gratification; and he asked Medosus to give him a little of it, to
last until he could procure a fuller supply. Medosus was perfectly
willing to grant this request; but on rolling up a wad and attempting to
throw it across the chasm, it fell into the abyss and fluttered downward
to the water nearly two miles below. He was about to make a second
effort, when Peters stopped him, and then a pretty, though a really
terrible thing happened--to relate which was the real purpose of this
digression from my story proper.

"Peters was at the moment standing some fifteen feet from the edge of
the chasm, the chasm being at this point about twenty feet in
width--twenty feet in width, and even here, where it was two thousand
feet less in depth than it was a mile higher up, at least eight thousand
feet in descent--sheer to the raging torrent and the huge, jagged
lava-bowlders below. It was all done so quickly that none of the party
had time to become alarmed. Peters, whose arms when he hung them reached
to within four inches of his feet, stooped just enough to bring his
hands to the ground. Then, as a lame man using crutches might swing
himself along, but with lightning-like swiftness, Peters took two rapid
jumps toward the edge of the chasm, the second jump landing him directly
on its edge. Then he shot up and out into the air over that awful abyss,
and landed on the opposite side as gently as a cat lands from a six-foot
leap; and it did not seem to require of him an unusual effort. He
received his tobacco, and turned to make the leap back.

"When Peters mentioned to me the circumstance of this leap, it was only
because he had at the time it was made been so interested in the
incident of getting the tobacco, that he never forgot the occurrence; in
fact, it seems to have impressed his mind and memory almost as deeply as
did the old man with the 'snow-drift beard and the eyes of a god.'

"I attempted to get out of Peters just how he made the leap--whether
with the legs, or the arms, or both as an impelling force; but it was no
use. I believe that he does not himself know--he did it by an animal
instinct, and that is all there is to be said. The old fellow does not
really know his age, but I should place it, at the present time, at from
seventy-eight to eighty years, which, if correct, would indicate that he
was twenty-eight or thirty at the time he was in Hili-li. He must have
been as strong generally as three average men, and in the arms as strong
as five or six such men. You remember telling me yourself how he twisted
that iron poker, and broke the oak pole; and that was the act of an
invalid nearly eighty years of age. Oh, he must have been a Samson at
twenty-eight, and as agile as a tiger. What I could draw out of him
concerning the leap, reminded me of descriptions I have read of the
_Simiidae_--particularly of the Borneo orang-outang.

"But to return: The party separated from Medosus, who, when about two
hundred feet away, shouted back, 'You'd better stay with us, Diregus. We
do not here have to hide away when we play--or at--' (mentioning the
names of two very rough games prohibited by law on all the islands of
the Hili-li Kingdom--games corresponding to our foot-ball and our
wrestling). The party continued up the mountain-side, resting as they
felt the need of rest. No preparation for the darkness of night was
necessary; for here the crater-light was very bright--in some unshaded
spots it was even painfully brilliant.

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Film review: Choke

Mark Crick performs 'Hanging Wallpaper with Ernest Hemmingway' and 'Boarding an Attic with Edgar Allan Poe'

History's missing pages: Iranian academic sliced out sections of priceless collection

These are high times for Gordon Brown. He has been praised for saving the global financial system, and received a welcome respite from his electoral troubles at the Glenrothes byelection.

But not everything is rosy for the prime minister. His latest book, Wartime Courage: Stories of Extraordinary Courage by Ordinary People in World War Two, has sold just 193 copies in the fortnight it has been on sale.

In the same two weeks, Jordan - Pushed to the Limit, the latest instalment of the glamour model's autobiography, sold 4,446 copies, despite having been on sale for 10 months. Wartime Courage currently ranks at 10,646 in the Amazon UK sales chart.

To rub salt into his wounds, the reviews have been rotten. The Independent bemoaned Brown's "robotic neutrality", "engine-drone monotone" and "mealy-mouthed avoidance of 'controversial' issues". Writing in the Spectator, the author James Delingpole went further, describing Wartime Courage as a "leaden, clunken-fisted cuttings job". Brown has an "automaton-like inability either to empathise with his subject ... or to work out which details needed emphasising and which could be safely excluded".

Brown's subjects - which include the Chariots of Fire legend Eric Liddell and Violette Szabo, who worked undercover for the Special Operations Executive during the second world war - were intrinsically thrilling, said Delingpole. Which "makes it all the less excusable that Brown has made them seem so dull".

And that's not all. "His opening and closing essays are waffly, trite and, in so far as they attempt to make political capital from the achievements of people who have nothing whatsoever to do with him or his grisly ideology, offensive," complained Delingpole, who admitted that as a "starving author" he resented "the allocation by the publishing industry of time, money, space and attention to people who can barely write and anyway have well remunerated day jobs".

Not everyone hated it, however. The Jewish Chronicle's reviewer was a lone fan, saying all of the stories in the book were "well told" and made "compelling reading". "Finding time to write this book does the prime minister credit."

The book was due to be published in April, but did not hit the shops until November. A spokeswoman for Bloomsbury, the prime minister's publisher, denied it had been held back because of his low popularity ratings in the spring.

"The reason it was delayed was because he hadn't finished writing it - he didn't have a ghostwriter," said Bloomsbury's publicity director, Katie Bond.

Neill Denny, editor-in-chief of the publishing trade magazine the Bookseller, said that while he was surprised Brown's book had sold so badly, it was not the most tempting proposition.

Denny said: "It would be different if he had written his memoirs. That could be political dynamite. We've had half the story of the Blair years, but Brown's point of view could be fascinating."

But he added: "It is not disastrously bad. Hardback books do not sell in huge quantities any more. When the Booker longlist came out last year, of the 13 books, half had sold less than 1,000 copies."

Gordon Brown's first book on the subject of bravery, Courage: Eight Stories, which was published by Bloomsbury last year, has sold 4,469 copies in the UK, according to Nielsen BookScan.

The Conservatives may be falling back in the polls, but they are easily winning the book war: William Hague's biography of William Pitt the Younger has sold more than 78,000 copies since 2004.

PM's weighty tome

Tirpitz and Godfrey Place

On 11 September six X-craft set out for the thousand-mile journey. Each midget submarine had two crews: one for the passage out - on which they were towed by six larger submarines - and one operational crew to carry out the final attack. Two of the midget submarines broke adrift, one being eventually recovered, the other sinking with all hands. On 19 September the four remaining vessels approached the target area, still under tow. Towing problems delayed HM Submarine Stubborn and her charge X-7 when a floating mine - part of the outer defences of Altafjord - became caught on the tow-line and was then impaled on the bows of the midget submarine. [Godfrey] Place, the commander of X-7, went out on its forward casing and cleared the mine away with his foot.

guardian.co.uk © Guardian News & Media Limited 2008 | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds

Why shouldn't Sarah Palin get a book deal?

To the untrained eye the damage is barely visible. Yet within the handbound pages of books charting how Europeans travelled to Mesopotamia, Persia and the Mogul empire from the 16th century onwards, the damage caused by one Iranian academic to a priceless British Library collection is irreversible.

Leading scholars at the library are at a loss to explain why Farhad Hakimzadeh, a Harvard-educated businessman, publisher and intellectual, took a scalpel to the leaves of 150 books that have been in the nation's collection for centuries. The monetary damage he caused over seven years is in the region of £400,000 but Dr Kristian Jensen, head of the British and early printed collections at the library, said no price could be placed upon the books and maps that he had defaced and stolen.

"These are historic objects which have been damaged forever," said Jensen. "You cannot undo what he has done and it has compromised a piece of historical evidence which charts the early engagement of Europeans with what we now know as the Middle East and China.

"It makes me extremely angry. This is someone who is extremely rich who has damaged and destroyed something that belongs to everybody."

Hakimzadeh, 60, faces a jail sentence today when he appears at Wood Green magistrates court in London. The Iranian-born academic fled his country after the fall of the Shah and holds a US passport. He has pleaded guilty to 14 specimen charges of stealing maps, pages and illustrations from 10 books at the British Library and four from the Bodleian Library in Oxford dating back to 1998.

When police searched his home in Knightsbridge, west London, last July they discovered some of the missing maps, pages and pictures inserted into less valuable editions of the same books he owned.

Academics at the library were forced to turn detective in June 2006 after a reader who had taken out a copy of Sir Thomas Herbert's book A Relation of Some Yeares Travaille, Begunne Anno 1626 suggested some of its pages had been removed.

Careful examination by experts at the library proved him to be correct and the staff mounted a delicate operation to find out who had been damaging the book and whether other items had suffered the same fate.

Using electronic records, they found all the British Library members who had taken out the book and then examined other works these people had had contact with. They discovered that other works detailing the same periods in history and covering European engagement to the area from modern-day Syria to Bangladesh were also damaged.

Pages had been sliced away close to the spine of the books and maps, one of them worth £32,000, had been removed from chapters, leaving barely noticeable indentations in the paper marking where they had been.

"It was only the books taken out by Hakimzadeh which showed a consistent pattern of damage," said Jensen.

They discovered that Hakimzadeh had taken out 842 books and of these at least 150 had been mutilated. Some of the stolen pages were discovered but many have been lost forever.

The library wrote to Hakimzadeh, who at the time was chief executive of the Iran Heritage Foundation, a charity he formed in 1995 to promote and perserve the history, languages and culture of Iran. He replied saying he had no idea that there was any damage to the books. It was at this point that the library went to the police with the details of the investigation.

Forensic scientists analysed the damaged books and police officers called at Hakimzadeh's Knightsbridge home, where he lived with his wife.

"Some pages were found loose and others had been inserted into books in his own collection," said Jensen, who acccompanied the officers. "Hakimzadeh is eminently characteristic of our traditional groups of readers: he has a profound knowledge of the field. From my point of view, that makes it worse because he actually knew the importance of what he was damaging. What he did was use the cover of serious scholarly purpose to steal historic pieces and abuse our trust."

The library has launched a civil action to sue Hakimzadeh for full compensation.

Defaced books

The rare books that were defaced by Hakimzadeh include:

Historia de la China From the writings of Father Matteo Ricci, an Italian Jesuit who travelled to China in 1582 and became the first western traveller to settle there. First published in Latin in 1615. This copy was printed in Spain in 1621. Ricci learned to speak and write Chinese and his work was the first important and reliable European description of the country.

Novus Orbis An anthology of works by Simon Grynaeus, professor of Greek at Basle. Hakimzadeh removed an engraving of a world map drawn by Hans Holbein the Younger, court painter to Henry VIII.

Mithridates By the English dramatist Nathaniel Lee. Published in 1693.

Ost-indian-und Persianische Reisen By Johann Gottlieb Worm, the German philosopher who accompanied an envoy of the Dutch East India Company sent to the Safavid court in Persia in 1717. He travelled to Isfahan from India via Bandar. Published in 1745.

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