Memoirs, Correspondence and Manuscripts of General Lafayette by Lafayette

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You will hear so much said about war, naval combats, projected
expeditions, and military operations, made and to be made, in America,
that I will spare you the ennui of a gazette. I have, besides, related
to you the few events that have taken place since the commencement of
the campaign. I have been so fortunate as to be constantly employed,
and I have never made an unlucky encounter with balls or bullets, to
arrest me in my path. It is now more than a year since I dragged about,
at Brandywine, a leg that had been somewhat rudely handled, but since
that time it has quite recovered, and my left leg is now almost as
strong as the other one. This is the only scratch I have received, or
ever shall receive, I can safely promise you, my love. I had a
presentiment that I should be wounded at the first affair, and I have
now a presentiment that I shall not be wounded again. I wrote to you
after our success at Monmouth, and I scrawled my letter almost on the
field of battle, and still surrounded with slashed faces. Since that
period, the only events that have taken place, are the arrival and
operations of the French fleet, joined to our enterprise on Rhode
Island. I have sent a full detail of them to your father. Half the
Americans say that I am passionately fond of my country, and the other
half say that since the arrival of the French ships, I have become mad,
and that I neither eat, nor drink, nor sleep, but according to the
winds that blow. Betwixt ourselves, they are a little in the right; I
never felt so strongly what may be called national pride. Conceive the
joy I experienced on beholding the whole English fleet flying full sail
before ours, in presence of the English and American armies, stationed
upon Rhode Island. M. d'Estaing having unfortunately lost some masts,
has been obliged to put into the Boston harbour. He is a man whose
talents, genius, and great qualities of the heart I admire as much as I
love his virtues, patriotism, and agreeable manners. He has experienced
every possible difficulty; he has not been able to do all he wished to
do; but he appears to me a man formed to advance the interests of such
a nation as ours. Whatever may be the private feeling of friendship
that unites me to him, I separate all partiality from the high opinion
I entertain of our admiral. The Americans place great confidence in
him, and the English fear him. As to the Rhode Island expedition, I
shall content myself with saying that General Washington was not there,
and that he sent me to conduct a reinforcement to the commanding
officer, my senior in service. We exchanged, for several days, some
cannon balls, which did no great harm on either side, and General
Clinton having brought succours to his party, we evacuated the island,
not without danger, but without any accident. We are all in a state of
inaction, from which we shall soon awaken.

Whilst we were on the Island, an officer, who has passed the winter
with me, named Touzard, of the regiment of _La Fere_, seeing an
opportunity of snatching a piece of cannon from the enemy, threw
himself amongst them with the utmost bravery. This action attracted the
fire of his antagonists, which killed his horse, and carried off part
of his right arm, which has since been amputated. If he were in France,
such an action, followed by such an accident, would have been the means
of his receiving the cross of St. Louis and a pension. I should feel
the greatest pleasure if, through you and my friends, I could obtain
for him any recompence.

I entreat you to present my respectful and affectionate compliments to
the Marshal de Noailles; he must have received the trees I sent him. I
will take advantage of the month of September, the most favourable
time, to send him a still larger quantity. Do not forget me to Madame
la Marechale de Noailles; embrace my sisters a thousand and a thousand
times. If you see the Chevalier de Chastellux, present to him my
compliments and assurances of affection.

But what shall I say to you, my love? What expressions can my
tenderness find sufficiently strong for our dear Anastasia? You will
find them but in your own heart, and in mine, which is equally open to
you. Cover her with kisses; teach her to love me by loving you. We are
so completely united, that it is impossible to love one without loving
also the other. That poor little child must supply all we have lost;
she has two places to occupy in my heart, and this heavy task our
misfortune has imposed on her. I love her most fondly, and the misery
of trembling for her life does not prevent my feeling for her the
warmest affection. Adieu; when shall I be permitted to see thee, to
part from thee no more; to make thy happiness as thou makest mine, and
kneel before thee to implore thy pardon. Adieu, adieu; we shall not be
very long divided.

PRESIDENT LAURENS TO THE MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE.~[1]

Philadelphia, 13th September, 1777.

Sir,--I am sensible of a particular degree of pleasure in executing the
order of congress, signified in their act of the 9th instant, which
will be enclosed with this, expressing the sentiments of the
representatives of the United States of America, of your high merit on
the late expedition against Rhode Island. You will do congress justice,
Sir, in receiving the present acknowledgment as a tribute of the
respect and gratitude of a free people. I have the honour to be, with
very great respect and esteem, Sir, your obedient and most humble
servant,

HENRY LAURENS, President.

Footnote:

1. This letter, as well as all those that follow to that of the 11th of
January, 1779, with the exception of the letter to Lord Carlisle, was
written originally in English.

RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS.

Resolved:--The president is charged with writing to the Marquis de
Lafayette; that congress conceives that the sacrifice he made of his
personal feelings, when, for the interest of the United States, he
repaired to Boston, at the moment when the opportunity of acquiring
glory on the field of battle could present itself; his military zeal in
returning to Rhode Island, when the greatest part of the army had
quitted it, and his measures to secure a retreat, have a right to this
present expression of the approbation of congress.

September 9th, 1778.

MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE TO PRESIDENT LAURENS.

Camp, 23rd September, 1778.

Sir,--I have just received your favour of the 13th instant, acquainting
me with the honour congress have been pleased to confer on me by their
most gracious resolve. Whatever pride such an approbation may justly
give me, I am not less affected by the feelings of gratefulness, and
the satisfaction of thinking my endeavours were ever looked on as
useful to a cause, in which my heart is so deeply interested. Be so
good, Sir, as to present to congress my plain and hearty thanks, with a
frank assurance of a candid attachment, the only one worth being
offered to the representatives of a free people. The moment I heard of
America, I loved her; the moment I knew she was fighting for freedom, I
burnt with a desire of bleeding for her; and the moment I shall be able
to serve her at any time, or in any part of the world, will be the
happiest one of my life. I never so much wished for occasions of
deserving those obliging sentiments with which I am honoured by these
states and their representatives, and that flattering confidence they
have been pleased to put in me, has filled my heart with the warmest
acknowledgments and eternal affection.

I am, &c.,

LAFAYETTE.

TO GENERAL WASHINGTON.

(ORIGINAL.)

Warren, 24th September, 1778.

MY DEAR GENERAL,--I am to acknowledge the reception of your late
favour. Your excellency's sentiments were already known to me, and my
heart had anticipated your answer. I, however, confess it gave me a new
pleasure when I received it. My love for you is such, my dear general,
that I should enjoy it better, if possible, in a private sentimental
light than in a political one. Nothing makes me happier than to see a
conformity of sentiments between you and me, upon any matter
whatsoever; and the opinion of your heart is so precious to me, that I
will ever expect it to fix mine. I don't know how to make out a fine
expression of my sentiments, my most respected friend; but you know, I
hope, my heart, and I beg you will read in it.

Agreeably to your advices and my own feelings, I made every effort that
I could for preventing any bad measures being taken on either side;
which conduct I also closely kept in the late affair of Boston
concerning M. de St. Sauveur. I wished to have been of some use on both
occasions, and I hope we have pretty well succeeded. The Count
d'Estaing is entirely ours; so, at least, I apprehend by his
confidential letters to me; and it affords me great pleasure. I have
found by him an occasion of writing to France; and you will better
conceive than I may describe, how I have acted on the occasion. I
thought the best way of speaking of those internal affairs was not to
speak of them, or at least very indifferently, so as to give any such
report which might arrive as groundless and insignificant. I daresay my
scheme will have the desired effect, and nothing will be thought of it
in France. I thought it would be well to let the admiral know that you
do not lay any blame upon him, and that you entertained the sentiments
any honest Frenchman might wish upon this matter.

Agreeably to a very useful article of a letter to General Sullivan, I
have removed my station from Bristol, and am in a safer place, behind
Warren, The few spies I have been able to procure upon the island seem
rather to think of an evacuation than of any enterprise; but, you know,
New York is the fountain-head. I long much, my dear general, to be
again with you; our separation has been long enough, and I am here as
inactive as anywhere else. My wish, and that you will easily conceive,
had been to co-operate with the French fleet; I don't know now what
they will do. The admiral has written to me upon many plans, and does
not seem well fixed on any scheme: he burns with the desire of striking
a blow, and is not yet determined how to accomplish it. He wrote me
that he wanted to see me, but I cannot leave my post, lest something
might happen: it has already cost dear enough to me. However, if you
give me leave, I'll ask this of General Sullivan, and will do what I
think best for both countries.

I have heard of a _pistolade_ between two gentlemen, which lasted very
long without much effect; it looks like our too much spoken of
_cannonade_ at Newport, while _the siege_ was continued. I have not yet
been able to find out what your excellency desires me to inquire into,
on account of the French queen:~[1] but the people of the navy are too
remote from Versailles to have any knowledge of it, and the Count
d'Estaing himself has not any intimacy with her. I'll get that
intelligence from a better source, and _more agreeable to your feelings
on the matter_, in order that you may do what you think fit to be done
if the report is true.

I beg, my dear general, when you write to your lady, that you would
present my respects to her; and I beg also the liberty to make here a
thousand compliments to your family. With the highest respect and most
tender friendship, I have the honour to be, dear general.

Footnote:

1. Several ladies had lately come out from New York, who reported that
a vessel had been captured and brought to that city, in which was
contained a present from the Queen of France to Mrs. Washington, as "an
elegant testimonial of her approbation of the, general's conduct," and
that it had been sold at auction for the benefit of the captors. This
intelligence was so confidently affirmed from such a respectable
source, that General Washington had requested the Marquis de Lafayette
to make inquiry as to the truth of it through the medium of Madame de
Lafayette.--_Writings of Washington_, vol. vi p. 74.

FROM GENERAL WASHINGTON TO THE MARQUIS DE LAFAYETTE.

(ORIGINAL.)

Fredericksburg, 25th September, 1778.

MY DEAR MARQUIS,--The sentiments of affection and attachment, which
breathe so conspicuously in. all your letters to me, are at once
pleasing and honourable, and afford me abundant cause to rejoice at the
happiness of my acquaintance with you. Your love of liberty, the just
sense you entertain of this valuable blessing, and your noble and
disinterested exertions in the cause of it, added to the innate
goodness of your heart, conspire to render you dear to me; and I think
myself happy in being linked with you in bonds of the strictest
friendship.

The ardent zeal which you have displayed during the whole course of the
campaign to the eastward, and your endeavours to cherish harmony among
the officers of the allied powers, and to dispel those unfavourable
impressions which had begun to take place in the minds of the
unthinking, from misfortunes, which the utmost stretch of human
foresight could not avert, deserved, and now receives, my particular
and warmest thanks. I am sorry for Monsieur Touzard's loss of an arm in
the action on Rhode Island; and offer my thanks to him, through you,
for his gallant behaviour on that day.

Could I have conceived that my picture had been an object of your
wishes, or in the smallest degree worthy of your attention, I should,
while M. Peale was in the camp at Valley Forge, have got him to take
the best portrait of me he could, and presented it to you; but I really
had not so good an opinion of my own worth, as to suppose that such a
compliment would not have been considered as a greater instance of my
vanity, than means of your gratification; and therefore, when you
requested me to sit to Monsieur Lanfang, I thought it was only to
obtain the outlines and a few shades of my features, to have some
prints struck from.

If you have entertained thoughts, my dear marquis, of paying a visit to
your court, to your lady, and to your friends this winter, but waver on
account of an expedition into Canada, friendship induces me to tell
you, that I do not conceive that the prospect of such an operation is
so favourable at this time, as to cause you to change your views. Many
circumstances and events must conspire to render an enterprise of this
kind practicable and advisable. The enemy, in the first place, must
either withdraw wholly, or in part, from their present posts, to leave
us at liberty to detach largely from this army. In the next place, if
considerable reinforcements should be thrown into that country, a
winter's expedition would become impracticable, on account of the
difficulties which would attend the march of a large body of men, with
the necessary apparatus, provisions, forage, and stores, at that
inclement season. In a word, the chances are so much against the
undertaking, that they ought not to induce you to lay aside your other
purpose, in the prosecution of which you shall have every aid, and
carry with you every honourable testimony of my regard and entire
approbation of your conduct, that you can wish. But it is a compliment,
which is due, so am I persuaded you would not wish to dispense with the
form of signifying your desires to congress on the subject of your
voyage and absence.

I come now, in a more especial manner, to acknowledge the receipt of
your obliging favour of the 21st, by Major Dubois, and to thank you for
the important intelligence therein contained.

I do most cordially congratulate you on the glorious defeat of the
British squadron under Admiral Keppel, an event which reflects the
highest honour on the good conduct and bravery of Monsieur d'Orrilliers
and the officers of the fleet under his command; at the same time that
it is to be considered, I hope, as the happy presage, of a fortunate
and glorious war to his most Christian Majesty. A confirmation of the
account I shall impatiently wait and devoutly wish for. If the
Spaniards, under this favourable beginning, would unite their fleet to
that of France, together they would soon humble the pride of haughty
Britain, and no long suffer her to reign sovereign of the seas, and
claim the privilege of giving laws to the main.

You have my free consent to make the Count d'Estaing a visit, and may
signify my entire approbation of it to General Sullivan, who, I am glad
to find, has moved you out of a _cul de sac_. It was my advice to him
long ago, to have no detachments in that situation, let particular
places be ever so much unguarded and exposed from the want of troops.
Immediately upon my removal from White Plains to this ground, the enemy
threw a body of troops into the Jerseys; but for what purpose, unless
to make a grand forage, I have not been able yet to learn. They
advanced some troops at the same time from their lines at Kingsbridge
towards our old encampment at the plains, stripping the inhabitants not
only of their provisions and forage, but even the clothes on their
backs, and without discrimination.

The information, my dear marquis, which I begged the favour of you to
obtain, was not, I am persuaded, to be had through the channel of the
officers of the French fleet, but by application to your fair lady, to
whom I should be happy in an opportunity of paying my homage in
Virginia, when the war is ended, if she could be prevailed upon to
quit, for a few months, the gaieties and splendour of a court, for the
rural amusements of a humble cottage.

I shall not fail to inform Mrs. Washington of your polite attention to
her. The gentlemen of my family are sensible of the honour you do them
by your kind inquiries, and join with me in a tender of best regards;
and none can offer them with more sincerity and affection than I do.
With every sentiment you can wish, I am, my dear marquis, &c.

TO GENERAL WASHINGTON.~[1]

(ORIGINAL.)

Camp, near Warren, 24th September, 1778.

MY DEAR GENERAL,--I am going to consult your excellency upon a point in
which I not only want your leave and opinion, as the
commander-in-chief, but also your candid advice, as the man whom I have
the happiness to call my friend. In an address from the British
commissaries to congress, the first after _Johnstone_ was excluded,
they speak in the most disrespectful terms of my nation and country.
The whole is undersigned by them, and more particularly by the
president, Lord Carlisle. I am the first French officer, in rank, of
the American army; I am not unknown to the British, and if somebody
must take notice of such expressions, that advantage does, I believe,
belong to me. Don't you think, my dear general, that I should do well
to write a letter ont he subject to Lord Carlisle, wherein I should
notice his expressions conveyed in an unfriendly manner? I have
mentioned something of this design to the Count d'Estaing, but wish
entirely to fix my opinion by yours, which I instantly beg, as soon as
you may find it convenient.

As everyting is perfectly quiet, and General Sullivan is persuaded that
I may, with all safety, go to Boston, I am going to undertake a short
journey towards that place. The admiral has several times expressed a
desire of conversing with me; he has also thrown out some wishes that
something might be done towards securing Boston, but it seems he always
refers to a conversation for further explanation. My stay will be
short, as I don't like towns in time of war, when I may be about a
camp. If your excellency answers me immediately, I may soon receive
your letter.

I want much to see you, my dear general, and consult you about many
points, part of them are respecting myself. If you approve of my
writing to Lord Carlisle, it would be a reason for coming near you for
a short time, in case the gentleman is displeased with my mission.

With the most perfect respect, confidence, and affection, I have the
honour to be, &c.

Footnote:

1. In the preceding session, the English parliament had passed bills
called conciliatory, and in the month of June, conciliatory
commissioners had presented themselves to negotiate an arrangement.
These were, Lord Carlisle, Governor George Johnstone, and William Eden.
Dr. Adam Ferguson, professor of moral philosophy at the University of
Edinburgh, was secretary of the commission. They addressed a letter to
Mr. Laurens which was to be communicated to congress. To that letter
were joined private letters from Mr. Johnstone to several members of
the assembly, whom he endeavoured to seduce by exciting interested
hopes. The letters were given up to the congress, who declared "_that
it was incompatible with their own honour to hold any sort of
correspondence or relation with the said George Johnstone_."--(See the
Letters of General Washington, vol. v., p. 397, and vol. vi., p. 31;
and the _History of the American Revolution_, by David Ramsay, vol.
ii., chap. 16.)

TO LORD CARLISLE.~[1]

I expected, until the present moment, my lord, to have only affairs to
settle with your generals, and I hoped to see them at the head only of
the armies which are respectively confided to us; your letter to the
Congress of the United States, the insulting phrase to my country,
which you yourself have signed, could alone bring me into direct
communication with you. I do not, my lord, deign to refute your
assertion, but I do wish to punish it. It is to you, as chief of the
commission, that I now appeal, to give me a reparation as public as has
been the offence, and as shall be the denial which arises from it; nor
would that denial have been so long delayed if the letters had reached
me sooner. As I am obliged to absent myself for some days, I hope to
find your answer on my return. M. de Gimat, a French officer, will make
all the arrangements for me which may be agreeable to you; I doubt not
but that General Clinton, for the honour of his countryman, will
consent to the measure I propose. As to myself, my lord, I shall
consider all measures good, if, to the glory of being a Frenchman, I
can add that of proving to one of your nation that my nation can never
be attacked with impunity.

LAFAYETTE.

Footnote:

1. This letter was written in French.

TO GENERAL WASHINGTON.

(ORIGINAL.)

Boston, 28th September, 1778.

DEAR GENERAL,--The news I have got from France, the reflections I have
made by myself, and those which have been suggested to me by many
people, particularly by the admiral, increases more than ever the
desire I had of seeing again your excellency. I want to communicate to
you my sentiments, and take your opinion upon my present circumstances-
-I look upon this as of high moment to my private interests. On the
other hand, I have some ideas, and some intelligence in reference to
public interests, which I am very desirous of disclosing to your
excellency. I am sure, my dear general, that your sentiments upon my
private concerns are such, that you will have no objection to my
spending some hours with you.~[1]

The moment at which the fleet will be ready is not very far, and I
think it of importance to have settled my affair with you before that
time. I am going to write to General Sullivan on the subject, and if he
has no objection, I'll go immediately to head-quarters; but should he
make difficulties, I beg you will send me that leave. I intend to ride
express, in order that I may have time enough. You may think, my dear
general, that I don't ask, what I never asked in my life--a leave to
quit the post I am sent to--without strong reasons for it; but the
letters I have received from home make me very anxious to see you.

With the most tender affection and highest respect, &c.

Footnote:

1. In spite of the obstacles which had arrested M. de Lafayette at the
commencement of the projected northern campaign, he had embraced with
ardour the idea of a diversion which was to be operated in Canada, with
the combined forces of France and America; and it was partly to
converse on this plan with Washington, and later with the cabinet of
Versailles, that he insisted upon having a conference with the general-
in-chief, and returning to France before the winter. He was even
summoned to explain himself on this subject with a committee from the
congress, who adopted the plan in principle, but decided that General
Washington should be first consulted. The latter expressed his
objections in a public letter addressed to the congress, and in a
private letter addressed to Laurens, (14th November, 1778.) It was long
before the final decision of congress became known. M. de Lafayette was
still ignorant of it when he embarked for Europe. The 29th December,
only, a letter was addressed to him from President John Jay, who was
charged by congress to express to him that the difficulties of
execution--the want of men and materials, and, above all, the exhausted
state of the finances, did not permit the accomplishment of this
project; that if, however, France would first enter into it, the United
States would make every effort to second her. But France, from various
motives, did not shew herself disposed to snatch Canada from the
English. (See the Correspondence of Washington, vol. vi., and his Life
by Marshal, vol. iii)

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