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Buddhism and Buddhists in China by Lewis Hodus

L >> Lewis Hodus >> Buddhism and Buddhists in China







APPENDIX I


HINTS FOR THE PRELIMINARY STUDY OF BUDDHISM IN CHINA

The student should read and inwardly digest the booklet of K. J.
Saunders

He should follow the directions given in Appendix One of that book, This
procedure is important because the Hînayâna Buddhism and the life of
Buddha are the background of Buddhism in China.

Then he may take Hackmann's _Buddhism as a Religion_
(No. 15). This will give a general orientation. This may be followed
with R. F. Johnston's _Buddhist China_ (No.
_20_). Along with this he may read Suzuki's
_Awakening of Faith_ (No. 32), and also his
_Outlines of Mahâyanâ Buddhism (No._ 33). McGovern's
_Introduction to Mahâyanâ Buddhism_ (No._ 23) will
illuminate the philosophical background of Buddhism, and Eliot's
_Hinduism and Buddhism_ (No. 13) will add historical
perspective.

The translation of _Mahdydna Sutras_ by Beal and in the
Sacred Books of the East will give him some of the sources for the
doctrines held in China. He may begin as the Buddhist missionaries did
with the sutra of the Forty-two sections and then take up the Diamond
Sutra, and then completing the sutras in Vol. 59 and the Catena of
Buddhist Scriptures.

For the study of the ethical side he will find De Groot's _Le Code
du Mahâyâna en Chine_ very helpful. For the study of the sects
Eliot, Vol. III, pp. 303-320 Northern Buddhism_ (No. 14) will
be helpful.

In all his study he will find Eitel's _Handbook of Chinese
Buddhism_ (No. 12) indispensable. He must, however, make a
Chinese index in order to be able to use the book.

Contact with monks will be helpful and is quite necessary in order to
appreciate the human problems of the work.




APPENDIX II


A BRIEF BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. BEAL, S. _Abstract of Four Lectures_ upon _Buddhist
Literature_ in _China._ London, Triibner, 1882.

Lecture II, on "Method of Buddha's Teaching in the Vinaya Pitaka," and
Lecture IV, on "Coincidences Between Buddhism and Other Religions,"
especially desirable.


2. ---- _Buddhism in China,_ London, S. P. C. K, 1884.

The best comprehensive account of Chinese Buddhism, written by an
authority.


3. ---- _Catena of Buddhist Scriptures,_ from the Chinese. London,
Triibner, 1871.

A good introduction to Chinese Buddhism from the sources.

4. ---- _The Romantic Legend of Sâkya Buddha._ London,
Triibner, 1875.

Recounts Buddha's history from the beginning to the
conversion of the Kâsyapas and others.


5. ---- _Texts from the Buddhist Canon Commonly Known_ as _D_
hammapada. London, Triibner, 1878. Pocket edition, 1902.

These "Scriptural Texts," translated from the Chinese and abridged, are
usually connected with some event in Buddha's history. This translation
has Indian anecdotes, illustrating the verses.


6. COULING, S., editor. _The Encyclopaedia Sinica._ Shanghai, Kelly
& Walsh, 1917.

Contains, on pages 67-75, a number of brief articles upon Buddhism in
China.


7. DE QROOT, J. J. M. _Religion of the Chinese._ New York,
Macmillan, 1900.

Pages 164-223 contain a summary of the main facts about Chinese Buddhism
by an authority.


8. ---- _Sectarianism and Religious Persecution in China._ 2 vols.
J. Müller, Amsterdam, 1903-1904.

Treats from sources Confucianism's persecution of Buddhism and other
sects. See Vol. II. Index, under Buddhism, p. 572.


9. DORE, HENEI. _Researches into Chinese Superstitions._ 6 vols.
Tusewei Press, 1914-1920.

A well illustrated miscellany of superstitions of all Chinese religions
showing indistinctly their interpenetration by Buddhism.
For Buddhism proper, see Vol. VI, pp. 89-233.


10. EDKINS, J. _Chinese Buddhism._ 2d edition. London, Trübner,
1893.

A very full account of Buddhism as seen by a Sinologue of the last
generation.


11. EITEL, E. J. _Buddhism: Its Historical, Theoretical and Popular
Aspects._ Hongkong, Lane, Crawford and Co., 1884.

Written by an observant scholar and descriptive of Buddhism of South
China especially.


12. ---- _Handbook of Chinese Buddhism._ Presbyterian Mission Press,
Shanghai.

This is a Sanskrit-Chinese dictionary, a reprint of the second edition
of 1888 without the Chinese index necessary for identifying Chinese
Buddhist terms.


13. ELIOT, SIR CHARLES. _Hinduism and Buddhism, An Historical
Sketch._ 3 vols. Edward Arnold and Co., 1921.

This is a valuable contribution to our knowledge of Buddhism by an
experienced student. The parts especially related to Chinese Buddhism
are Vol. II, pp. 3-106; Vol. Ill, 223-335.


14. JETTY, A. _Gods of Northern Buddhism._ Oxford, Clarendon Press,
1914.

This work is helpful in identifying images in the temples, though
unfortunately few of those given are Chinese.


15. HACKMANN, H. _Buddhism as a Religion._ London, Probsthain,
1910.

Gives a general view of Buddhism from first-hand investigation. For
Chinese Buddhism see pp. 200-257.


16. HASTINGS, JAMES. _The Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics._ New
York, Scribners, 1908.

Articles Asvaghosa, Bodhisattva, China (Buddhism in), Mahâyâna Missions
(Buddhist).


17. HUME, R. E. _The Living Religions of the World._ New York,
Scribners, 1924.

A clear comparative study of these religions in the light of Christian
standards.


18. INGLIS, J. W. "Christian Element in Chinese Buddhism."
_International Review of Missions,_ Vol. V, 1916, pp. 587-602. An
excellent article by a veteran missionary and scholar of Manchuria.


19. JOHNSON, S. _Oriental Religions ... China._ Boston, Houghton,
Osgood Co., 1878.

Pages 800-833 give a comprehensive summary by a student of comparative
religion.


20. JOHNSTON, R. F. _Buddhist_ China. New York, Dutton, 1913.

A well-written, interesting book. The author knows his subject, and is
held in high esteem by Buddhists in China.


21. KEITH, A. BERRIEDALE. _Buddhist Philosophy in India and
Ceylon._ Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1923.

A study of the historic development of the Buddhistic philosophy in
India and Ceylon which throws much light on the Mahâyâna.


22. LODGE, J. E. _Chinese Buddhist Art._ Asia, Vol. XIX, June,
1919.

Some of the choicest half-tones illustrating its character accompanied
by interesting descriptions.


23. McGOVERN, W. M. _An Introduction of Mahâyâna Buddhism._ Dutton,
1922.

Though written from the point of view of Japanese Buddhism it gives a
good treatment of metaphysical and psychological aspects of the Mahâyâna
system.


24. MÜLLER, F. MAX. _Sacred Books of the East._ Vol. XLIX,
Buddhist, Mahâyâna Texts. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1894.

A book of sources necessary for understanding Northern Buddhism.


25. PARKER, E. H. _China and Religion._ New York, Dutton, 1905.

A sketch of Buddhism by a scholar long resident in China is found in
Chapter IV.


26. PAUL, C. T. _The Presentation of Christianity to Buddhists._
New York, Board of Missionary Preparation, 1924.

A carefully prepared study of Buddhism from the viewpoint of
missionaries working in Buddhist lands.


27. REICHELT, K. L. "Special Work Among Chinese Buddhists." _Chinese
Recorder,_ Vol. LI, 1920, July issue, pp. 491-497.

An article by a pioneer in work among Buddhists, of rare insight and
sympathy.


28. RICHARD, T. _The Awakening of Faith in the Mahâyâna Doctrine._
2d edition. Shanghai, 1918.

A loose translation by a very large-hearted and sympathetic student with
an irenic spirit. See 32 below.


29. RICHARD, T. _Guide to Buddhahood; Being a Standard Manual of
Chinese Buddhism._ Shanghai., 1907.


30. SAUNDERS, K. J. _Epochs of Buddhist History_ (Haskell
Lectures), Chicago University Press, 1922.

A good summary of the main developments in Buddhism.


31. STAUFFER, M. T. _The Christian Occupation of China._ Shanghai
Continuation Committee, 1922.

The introductory section contains articles upon China's religions.


32. SUZUKI, T. A'svaghosa's _Awakening of Faith in the Mahâyâna._
Chicago, Open Court Publishing Co., 1900.

A far more accurate translation of this work than No. 28 above.


33. ---- Outlines of _Mahâyâna Buddhism._ Chicago, Open Court
Publishing Co., 1908.

While written from the Japanese point of view it is necessary to the
understanding of Chinese Buddhism.


34. WATTERS, T. "Buddhism in China." _Chinese Recorder,_ Vol. II,
1870, pp. 1-7, 38-43, 64-68, 81-88, 117-122, 145-150, Shanghai.

A valuable series of articles by an excellent Chinese scholar,
discussing the history, persecutions, and various Buddhas of China.


35. WEI, F. C. M. "Salvation by Faith as Taught by the Pure Land Sect."
_Chinese Recorder,_ Vol. LI, 1920, pp. 395- 401, 485-491.

A good article on the sect whose ideas have spread over China and Japan.


36. WIEGER, L. _Bouddhisme Chinois,_ 2 vols. Ho-Kien-Fou, Roman
Catholic Press, 1910-1913.

This contains the Chinese text and French translation of the life of
Buddha as known to China; also the ritual observed in ordination. A
useful source book.

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