The Adventures of Roderick Random by Tobias Smollett

T >> Tobias Smollett >> The Adventures of Roderick Random

Pages:
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 | 36 | 37 | 38 | 39 | 40 | 41

Produced by Tapio Riikonen (tapri@kolumbus.fi)

The Adventures of Roderick Random

By Tobias Smollett

THE AUTHOR'S PREFACE

Of all kinds of satire, there is none so entertaining and universally
improving, as that which is introduced, as it were occasionally,
in the course of an interesting story, which brings every incident
home to life, and by representing familiar scenes in an uncommon and
amusing point of view, invests them with all the graces of novelty,
while nature is appealed to in every particular. The reader
gratifies his curiosity in pursuing the adventures of a person in
whose favour he is prepossessed; he espouses his cause, he sympathises
with him in his distress, his indignation is heated against the
authors of his calamity: the humane passions are inflamed; the
contrast between dejected virtue and insulting vice appears with
greater aggravation, and every impression having a double force
on the imagination, the memory retains the circumstance, and the
heart improves by the example. The attention is not tired with a
bare catalogue of characters, but agreeably diverted with all the
variety of invention; and the vicissitudes of life appear in their
peculiar circumstances, opening an ample field for wit and humour.

Romance, no doubt, owes its origin to ignorance, vanity, and
superstition. In the dark ages of the World, when a man had rendered
himself famous for wisdom or valour, his family and adherents availed
themselves of his superior qualities, magnified his virtues, and
represented his character and person as sacred and supernatural.
The vulgar easily swallowed the bait, implored his protection, and
yielded the tribute of homage and praise, even to adoration; his
exploits were handed down to posterity with a thousand exaggerations;
they were repeated as incitements to virtue; divine honours were
paid, and altars erected to his memory, for the encouragement of
those who attempted to imitate his example; and hence arose the
heathen mythology, which is no other than a collection of extravagant
romances. As learning advanced, and genius received cultivation,
these stories were embellished with the graces of poetry, that they
might the better recommend themselves to the attention; they were
sung in public, at festivals, for the instruction and delight of
the audience; and rehearsed before battle, as incentives to deeds
of glory. Thus tragedy and the epic muse were born, and, in the
progress of taste, arrived at perfection. It is no wonder that the
ancients could not relish a fable in prose, after they had seen
so many remarkable events celebrated in verse by their best poets;
we therefore find no romance among them during the era of their
excellence, unless the Cyropaedia of Xenophon may be so called;
and it was not till arts and sciences began to revive after the
irruption of the barbarians into Europe, that anything of this kind
appeared. But when the minds of men were debauched by the imposition
of priestcraft to the most absurd pitch of credulity, the authors
of romance arose, and losing sight of probability, filled their
performances with the most monstrous hyperboles. If they could not
equal the ancient poets in point of genius. they were resolved to
excel them in fiction, and apply to the wonder, rather than the
judgment, of their readers. Accordingly, they brought necromancy to
their aid, and instead of supporting the character of their heroes
by dignity of sentiment and practice, distinguished them by their
bodily strength, activity, and extravagance of behaviour. Although
nothing could be more ludicrous and unnatural than the figures
they drew, they did not want patrons and admirers; and the world
actually began to be infected with the spirit of knight-errantry,
when Cervantes, by an inimitable piece of ridicule, reformed the
taste of mankind, representing chivalry in the right point of view,
and converting romance to purposes far more useful and entertaining,
by making it assume the sock, and point out the follies of ordinary
life.

The same method has been practised by other Spanish and French
authors, and by none more successfully than by Monsieur Le Sage,
who, in his Adventures of Gil Blas, has described the knavery and
foibles of life, with infinite humour and sagacity. The following
sheets I have modelled on his plan, taking me liberty, however, to
differ from him in the execution, where I thought his particular
situations were uncommon, extravagant, or peculiar to the country
in which the scene is laid. The disgraces of Gil Blas are, for the
most part, such as rather excite mirth than compassion; he himself
laughs at them; and his transitions from distress to happiness, or
at least ease, are so sudden, that neither the reader has time to
pity him, nor himself to be acquainted with affliction. This conduct,
in my opinion, not only deviates from probability, but prevents
that generous indignation, which ought to animate the reader against
the sordid and vicious disposition of the world. I have attempted
to represent modest merit struggling with every difficulty to which
a friendless orphan is exposed, from his own want of experience, as
well as from the selfishness, envy, malice, and base indifference
of mankind. To secure a favourable prepossession, I have allowed
him the advantages of birth and education, which in the series of
his misfortunes will, I hope, engage the ingenuous more warmly in
his behalf; and though I foresee, that some people will be offended
at the mean scenes in which he is involved, I persuade myself that
the judicious will not only perceive the necessity of describing
those situations to which he must of course be confined, in his
low estate, but also find entertainment in viewing those parts of
life, where the humours and passions are undisguised by affectation,
ceremony, or education; and the whimsical peculiarities
of disposition appear as nature has implanted them. But I believe
I need not trouble myself in vindicating a practice authorized by
the best writers in this way, some of whom I have already named.

Every intelligent reader will, at first sight, perceive I have not
deviated from nature in the facts, which are all true in the main,
although the circumstances are altered and disguised, to avoid
personal satire.

It now remains to give my reasons for making the chief personage of
this work a North Briton, which are chiefly these: I could, at a
small expense, bestow on him such education as I thought the dignity
of his birth and character required, which could not possibly be
obtained in England, by such slender means as the nature of my plan
would afford. lit the next place, I could represent simplicity of
manners in a remote part of the kingdom, with more propriety than
in any place near the capital; and lastly, the disposition of the
Scots, addicted to travelling, justifies my conduct in deriving
an adventurer from that country. That the delicate reader may not
be offended at the unmeaning oaths which proceed from the mouths
of some persons in these memoirs, I beg leave to promise, that
I imagined nothing could more effectually expose the absurdity of
such miserable expletives, than a natural and verbal representation
of the discourse in which they occur.

APOLOGUE

A young painter, indulging a vein of pleasantry, sketched a kind of
conversation piece, representing a bear, an owl, a monkey, and an
ass; and to render it more striking, humorous, and moral, distinguished
every figure by some emblem of human life. Bruin was exhibited in
the garb and attitude of an old, toothless, drunken soldier; the
owl perched upon the handle of a coffee-pot, with spectacle on
nose, seemed to contemplate a newspaper; and the ass, ornamented
with a huge tie-wig (which, however, could not conceal his long
ears), sat for his picture to the monkey, who appeared with the
implements of painting. This whimsical group afforded some mirth,
and met with general approbation, until some mischievous wag hinted
that the whole--was a lampoon upon the friends of the performer; an
insinuation which was no sooner circulated than those very people
who applauded it before began to be alarmed, and even to fancy
themselves signified by the several figures of the piece.

Among others, a worthy personage in years, who had served in the army
with reputation, being incensed at the Supposed outrage, repaired
to the lodging of the painter, and finding him at home, "Hark ye,
Mr. Monkey," said he, "I have a good mind to convince you, that
though the bear has lost his teeth, he retains his paws, and that
he is not so drunk but he can perceive your impertinence." "Sblood!
sir, that toothless jaw is a d--ned scandalous libel--but don't
yon imagine me so chopfallen as not to be able to chew the cud of
resentment." Here he was interrupted by the arrival of a learned
physician, who, advancing to the culprit with fury in his aspect,
exclaimed, "Suppose the augmentation of the ass's ears should prove
the diminution of the baboon's--nay, seek not to prevaricate, for,
by the beard of Aesculapius! there is not one hair in this periwig
that will not stand up in judgment to convict thee of personal
abuse. Do but observe, captain, how this pitiful little fellow has
copied the very curls-the colour, indeed, is different, but then
the form and foretop are quite similar." While he thus remonstrated
in a strain of vociferation, a venerable senator entered, and
waddling up to the delinquent, "Jackanapes!" cried he, "I will now
let thee see I can read something else than a newspaper, and that
without the help of spectacles: here is your own note of hand,
sirrah, for money, which if I had not advanced, you yourself would
have resembled an owl, in not daring to show your face by day, you
ungrateful slanderous knave!"

In vain the astonished painter declared that he had no intention to
give offence, or to characterise particular persons: they affirmed
the resemblance was too palpable to be overlooked; they taxed him
with insolence, malice, and ingratitude; and their clamours being
overheard by the public, the captain was a bear, the doctor an ass,
and the senator an owl, to his dying day.

-----

Christian reader, I beseech thee, in the bowels of the Lord,
remember this example "while thou art employed in the perusal of
the following sheets; and seek not to appropriate to thyself that
which equally belongs to five hundred different people. If thou
shouldst meet with a character that reflects thee in some ungracious
particular, keep thy own counsel; consider that one feature makes
not a face, and that though thou art, perhaps, distinguished by a
bottle nose, twenty of thy neighbours may be in the same predicament."

THE ADVENTURES OF RODERICK RANDOM

CHAPTER I

Of my Birth and Education

I was born in the northern part of this united kingdom, in the
house of my grand. father, a gentleman of considerable fortune and
influence, who had on many occasions signalised himself in behalf
of his country; and was remarkable for his abilities in the law,
which he exercised with great success in the station of a judge,
particularly against beggars, for whom he had a singular aversion.

My father (his youngest son) falling in love with a poor relation,
who lived with the old gentleman in quality of a housekeeper,
espoused her privately; and I was the first fruit of that marriage.
During her pregnancy, a dream discomposed my mother so much that her
husband, tired with her importunity, at last consulted a highland
seer, whose favourable interpretation he would have secured
beforehand by a bribe, but found him incorruptible. She dreamed
she was delivered of a tennis-ball, which the devil (who, to her
great surprise, acted the part of a midwife) struck so forcibly
with a racket that it disappeared in an instant; and she was for
some time inconsolable for the lost of her offspring; when, all on
a sudden, she beheld it return with equal violence, and enter the
earth, beneath her feet, whence immediately sprang up a goodly
tree covered with blossoms, the scent of which operated so strongly
on her nerves that she awoke. The attentive sage, after some
deliberation, assured my parents, that their firstborn would be a
great traveller; that he would undergo many dangers and difficulties,
and at last return to his native land, where he would flourish in
happiness and reputation. How truly this was foretold will appear
in the sequel. It was not long before some officious person informed
my grandfather of certain familiarities that passed between his son
and housekeeper which alarmed him so much that, a few days after,
he told my father it was high time for him to think of settling; and
that he had provided a match for him, to which he could in justice
have no objections. My father, finding it would be impossible to
conceal his situation much longer, frankly owned what he had done;
and excused himself for not having asked the consent of his father,
by saying, he knew it would have. been to no Purpose; and that, had
his inclination been known, my grandfather might have taken such
measures as would have effectually put the gratification of it out
of his power: he added, that no exceptions could be taken to his
wife's virtue, birth, beauty, and good sense, and as for fortune,
it was beneath his care. The old gentleman, who kept all his
passions, except one, in excellent order, heard him to an end with
great temper, and then calmly asked, how he proposed to maintain
himself and spouse? He replied, he could be in no danger of wanting
while his father's tenderness remained, which he and his wife should
always cultivate with the utmost veneration; and he was persuaded
his allowance would be suitable to the dignity and circumstances
of his family, and to the provision already made for his brothers
and sisters, who were happily settled under his protection. "Your
brothers and sisters," said my grandfather, "did not think it beneath
them to consult me in an affair of such importance as matrimony;
neither, I suppose, would you have omitted that piece of duty,
had you not some secret fund in reserve; to the comforts of which
I leave you, with a desire that you will this night seek out another
habitation for yourself and wife, whither, in a short time, I will
send you an account of the ex pens I have been at in your education,
with a view of being reimbursed. Sir, you have made the grand
tour--you are a polite gentleman--a very pretty gentleman--I wish
you a great deal of joy, and am your very humble servant."

So saying, he left my father in a situation easily imagined. However,
be did not long hesitate; for, being perfectly well acquainted
with his father's disposition, he did not doubt that he was glad
of this pretence to get rid of him; and his resolves being as
invariable as the laws of the Medes and Persians, he know it would
be to no purpose to attempt him by prayers and entreaties; so without
any farther application, he betook himself, with his disconsolate
bedfellow to a farm-house, where an old servant of his mother dwelt:
there they remained some time in a situation but ill adapted to
the elegance of their desires and tenderness of their love; which
nevertheless my father chose to endure, rather than supplicate
an unnatural and inflexible parent but my mother, foreseeing the
inconveniences to which she must have been exposed, bad she been
delivered in this place (and her pregnancy was very far advanced),
without communicating her design to her husband, went in disguise
to the house of my grand. father, hoping that her tears and condition
would move him to compassion, and reconcile him to an event which
was now irrecoverably past.

She found means to deceive the servants, and get introduced as
an unfortunate lady, who wanted to complain of some matrimonial
grievances, it being my grandfather's particular province to
decide in all cases of scandal. She was accordingly admitted into
his presence, where, discovering herself, she fell at his feet,
and in the most affecting manner implored his forgiveness; at the
same the same time representing the danger that threatened not
only her life, but that of his own grandchild, which was about to
see the light. He told her he was sorry that the indiscretion of her
and his son had compelled him to make a vow, which put it out of
his power to give them any assistance; that he had already imparted
his thoughts on that subject to her husband, and was surprised that
they should disturb his peace with any farther importunity. This
said, he retired.

The violence of my mother's affliction had such an effect on
her constitution that she was immediately seized with the pains
of childbed; and had not an old maidservant, to whom she was very
dear, afforded her pity and assistance, at the hazard of incurring
my grandfather's displeasure, she and the innocent fruit of her womb
must have fallen miserable victims to his rigour and inhumanity. By
the friendship of this poor woman she was carried up to a garret,
and immediately delivered of a man child, the story of whose
unfortunate birth he himself now relates. My father, being informed
of what had happened, flew to the embraces of his darling spouse,
and while he loaded his offspring with paternal embraces, could not
forbear shedding a flood of tears on beholding the dear partner of
his heart (for whose ease he would have sacrificed the treasures
of the east) stretched upon a flock bed, in a miserable apartment,
unable to protect her from the inclemencies of the weather. It
is not to be supposed that the old gentleman was ignorant of what
passed, though he affected to know nothing of the matter, and
pretended to be very much surprised, when one of his grandchildren,
by his eldest son deceased, who lived with him as his heir apparent,
acquainted him with the affair; he determined therefore to observe
no medium, but immediately (on the third day after her delivery)
sent her a peremptory order to be gone, and turned off the servant
who had preserved her life. This behaviour so exasperated my father
that he had recourse to the most dreadful imprecations; and on
his bare knees implored that Heaven would renounce him if ever he
should forget or forgive the barbarity of his sire.

The injuries which this unhappy mother received from her removal in
such circumstances, and the want of necessaries where she lodged,
together with her grief and anxiety of mind, soon threw her into
a languishing disorder, which put an end to her life. My father,
who loved her tenderly, was so affected with her death that he
remained six weeks deprived of his senses; during which time, the
people where he lodged carried the infant to the old man who relented
so far, on hearing the melancholy story of his daughter-in-law's
death, and the deplorable condition of his son, as to send the
child to nurse, and he ordered my father to be carried home to his
house, where he soon recovered the use of his reason.

Whether this hardhearted judge felt any remorse for his cruel
treatment of his son and daughter, or (which is more probable)
was afraid his character would suffer in the neighbourhood, he
professed great sorrow for his conduct to my father, whose delirium
was succeeded by a profound melancholy and reserve. At length he
disappeared, and, notwithstanding all imaginable inquiry, could
not be heard of; a circumstance which confirmed most people in the
opinion of his having made away with himself in a fit of despair.
How I understood the particulars of my birth will appear in the
course of these memoirs.

CHAPTER II

I grow up--am hated by my Relations--sent to School--neglected by
my Grandfather--maltreated by my Master--seasoned to Adversity--I
form Cabals against the Pedant--am debarred Access to my
Grandfather--hunted by his Heir--I demolish the Teeth of his Tutor

There were not wanting some who suspected my uncles of being
concerned in my father's fate, on the supposition that they would
all share in the patrimony destined for him; and this conjecture
was strengthened by reflecting that in all his calamities they
never discovered the least inclination to serve him; but, on the
contrary, by all the artifices in their power, fed his resentment
and supported his resolution of leaving him to misery and want.
But people of judgment treated this insinuation as an idle chimera;
because, had my relations been so wicked as to consult their interest
by committing such an atrocious crime, the fate of my father would
have extended to me too whose life was another obstacle to their
expectation. Meanwhile, I grew apace, and as I strongly resembled
my father, who was the darling of the tenants, I wanted nothing
which their indigent circumstances could afford: but their favour
was a weak resource against the jealous enmity of my cousins; who
the more my infancy promised, conceived the more implacable hatred
against me: and before I was six years of age, had so effectually
blockaded my grandfather that I never saw him but by stealth, when
I sometimes made up to his chair as he sat to view his labourers
in the field: on which occasion he would stroke my head, bid me be
a good boy, and promise to take care of me.

I was soon after sent to school at a village hard by, of which he
had been dictator time out of mind; but as he never paid for my
board, nor supplied me with clothes, books, and other necessaries
I required, my condition was very ragged and contemptible, and
the schoolmaster, who, through fear of my grandfather, taught me
gratis, gave himself no concern about the progress I made under
his instruction. In spite of all these difficulties and disgraces,
I became a good proficient in the Latin tongue; and, as soon as
I could write tolerably, pestered my grandfather with letters to
such a degree that he sent for my master, and chid him severely for
bestowing such pains on my education, telling him that, if ever I
should be brought to the gallows for forgery, which he had taught
me to commit, my blood would lie on his head.

The pedant, who dreaded nothing more than the displeasure of his
patron, assured his honour that the boy's ability was more owing
to his own genius and application than to any instruction or
encouragement he received; that, although he could not divest him
of the knowledge he had already imbibed, unless he would empower
him to disable his fingers, he should endeavour, with God's help,
to prevent his future improvement. And, indeed, he punctually
performed what he had undertaken; for, on pretence that I had
written impertinent letters to my grandfather, he caused a board to
be made with five holes in it, through which he thrust the fingers
and thumb of my right hand, and fastened it by whipcord to my wrist,
in such a manner as effectually debarred me the use of my pen.
But this restraint I was freed from in a few days, by an accident
which happened in a quarrel between me and another boy; who, taking
upon him to insult my poverty, I was so incensed at his ungenerous
reproach that with one stroke with my machine I cut him to the
skull, to the great terror of myself and schoolfellows, who left
him bleeding on the ground, and ran to inform the master of what
had happened. I was so severely punished for this trespass that,
were I to live to the age of Methusalem, the impression it made on
me would not be effaced; the more than the antipathy and horror I
conceived for the merciless tyrant who inflicted it. The contempt
which my appearance naturally produced in all who saw me, the continual
wants to which I was exposed, and my own haughty disposition,
impatient of affronts, involved me in a thousand troublesome
adventures, by which I was at length inured in adversity, and
emboldened to undertakings far above my years. I was often inhumanly
scourged for crimes I did not commit, because, having the character of
a vagabond in the village, every piece of mischief, whose author
lay unknown, was charged upon me. I have been found guilty of
robbing orchards I never entered, of killing cats I never hunted,
of stealing gingerbread I never touched, and of abusing old women
I never saw. Nay, a stammering carpenter had eloquence enough to
persuade my master that I fired a pistol loaded with small shot into
his window; though my landlady and the whole family bore witness
that I was abed fast asleep at the time when this outrage was
committed, I was once flogged for having narrowly escaped drowning,
by the sinking of a ferry boat in which I was passenger. Another
time, for having recovered of a bruise occasioned by a horse and
cart running over me. A third time, for being bitten by a baker's
dog. In short, whether I was guilty or unfortunate, the correction
and sympathy of this arbitrary pedagogue were the same.

Far from being subdued by this informal usage, my indignation
triumphed over that slavish awe which had hitherto enforced my
obedience; and the more my years and knowledge increased, the more
I perceived the injustice and barbarity of his behaviour. By the
help of an uncommon genius, and the advice and direction of our
usher, who had served my father in his travels, I made a surprising
progress in the classics, writing, and arithmetic; so that, before
I was twelve years old, I was allowed by everybody to be the best
scholar in the school. This qualification, together with the boldness
of temper and strength of make which had subjected almost all my
contemporaries, gave me such influence over them that I began to
form cabals against my persecutor; and was in hope of, being able
to bid him defiance in a very short time. Being at the head of a
faction, consisting of thirty boys, most of them of my own age, I
was determined to put their mettle to trial, that I might know how
far they were to be depended upon, before I put my grand scheme in
execution: with this view, we attacked a body of stout apprentices,
who bad taken possession of a part of the ground allotted to us for
the scheme of our diversions, and who were then playing at ninepins
on the spot; but I had the mortification to see my adherents routed
in an instant, and a leg of one of them broke in his flight by the
bowl, which one of our adversaries had detached in pursuit of us.
This discomfiture did not hinder us from engaging them afterwards
in frequent skirmishes, which we maintained by throwing stones
at a distance, wherein I received many wounds, the scars of which
still remain. Our enemies were so harassed and interrupted by these
alarms that they at last abandoned their conquest, and left us to
the peaceable enjoyment of our own territories.